Even before the global community was confronted with the COVID-19 pandemic, the world had become more volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous. This includes cross-cutting and border-blind challenges, including global warming, terrorism, pandemics, and cybersecurity. In addition, the global governance architecture is at a crossroads, as it struggles to manage the multiple challenges afflicting people and the planet, while governing relations between states, as well as those between states and non-state actors.
